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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 37(2): 305-307, 20220316. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362979

ABSTRACT

Se han descrito diversas técnicas para el tratamiento del enfisema subcutáneo y del neumomediastino. Algunos pacientes con pequeñas perforaciones traqueales pueden ser manejados de forma expectante, salvo que requieran ventilación mecánica. Se presentan las imágenes de un paciente con enfisema subcutáneo y neumomediastino no candidato a cirugía y quien fue tratado exitosamente con terapia de presión negativa.


Different techniques have been described for the treatment of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediatinum. Some patients with small tracheal perforations can be managed expectantly, unless they require mechanical ventilation. Images of a patient with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum not a candidate for surgery and who was successfully treated with negative pressure therapy are presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Subcutaneous Emphysema , COVID-19 , Trachea , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Mediastinal Emphysema
2.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(6): 2140-2155, nov.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978723

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El edema pulmonar por presión negativa es una complicación rara y dramática en la anestesia general. Habitualmente ocurre como consecuencia de un laringoespasmo u otra causa de obstrucción de la vía aérea. Se presentó un caso con el objetivo de mostrar los elementos usados para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del edema pulmonar por presión negativa. Paciente de 7 años de edad, femenina, ASA I, operada de metatarso varo funcional con anestesia general balanceada y máscara laríngea clásica # 3. Desarrolló dicho evento adverso durante la recuperación anestésica. El diagnóstico se basó en la disociación toraco abdominal al restablecer la ventilación espontanea, crepitantes en ambos hemitórax, cianosis central, hipoxemia y la presencia de infiltrado difuso bilateral alveolar. Se intubó la tráquea, se controló la ventilación con presión positiva al final de la espiración y se administró furosemida. La paciente fue trasladada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos donde evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Este es un síndrome cuya verdadera incidencia se desconoce debido a la escasa familiarización con el mismo. La evolución de los pacientes es favorable siempre que se establezca el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno (AU).


ABSTRACT Pulmonary edema due to negative pressure is a rare and dramatic complication in general anesthetic. It usually occurs as a consequence of a laryngeal spasm or another cause of respiratory tract obstruction.A case was presented with the aim of showing the elements used for the diagnosis and treatment of the pulmonary edema due to negative pressure. An ASA I, 7-year-old female patient, was operated on a functional metatarsus varus with balanced general anesthetic and classical laryngeal mask number 3. She developed this adverse event during the anesthetic recovery. The diagnosis was based on the thoracoabdominal dissociation when recovering spontaneous ventilation, crepitation in hemithoraxes, central cyanosis, hypoxemia, and alveolar bilateral diffused infiltrate. The trachea was intubated, ventilation was controlled with positive pressure at the end of the expiration and furosemide was administered. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit where she evolved satisfactorily. This is a syndrome whose true incidence is unknown as a result of the lack of familiarization with it. Patients' evolution is favorable whenever the right diagnosis and treatment are timely established (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/adverse effects , Laryngeal Masks/adverse effects , Metatarsus Varus/surgery , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/epidemiology , Laryngismus/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Intensive Care Units
3.
Bahrain Medical Bulletin. 2017; 39 (3): 177-178
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-188429

ABSTRACT

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema [NPPE] or Post-Obstructive Pulmonary Edema [POPE] is one of the most life-threatening emergencies in anesthesia


Immediate diagnosis with NPPE leads to better outcome. Usually, it affects healthy young patients. It occurs after upper airway obstruction, such as laryngeal spasms, tumor, and infection; it follows strong inspiratory effort leading to low negative pressure in the lungs which results into fluid infiltration and precipitates interstitial and alveolar edema


We report a case of unusual presentation of Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema during and after extubation, which highlights the importance of early recognition and timely intervention to prevent further deterioration


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/adverse effects , Emergency Treatment , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Airway Obstruction
4.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 11(4): 151-154, oct. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835073

ABSTRACT

This review is a short history of mechanical ventilation, from its origins to the present day. This changing history provides the basis for speculation on the future innovations in the ventilatory support.


Se revisa la historia de la ventilación mecánica desde sus orígenes hasta el presente, una historia cambiante que permite especular sobre las futuras innovaciones en el soporte ventilatorio.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Positive-Pressure Respiration/history , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/history , Respiration, Artificial/history
5.
Rev. med. interna Guatem ; 19(1): 49-51, ene-abr. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-982119

ABSTRACT

El edema pulmonar por presión negativa representa el 0.1% de las complicaciones pulmonares de los pacientes post ­ quirúrgicos, y la condicionante del incremento de dicha incidencia es la existencia de algún tipo de obstrucción de la vía aérea llegando hasta un 11% de casos. Su incidencia y prevalencia no son claras ya que es una entidad con infradiagnóstico. En los reportes de casos se coincide que la mayoría de pacientes son jóvenes con evaluaciones de riesgo quirúrgico bajos previamente sanos y que desarrollan en forma súbita un cuadro de edema agudo de pulmón, casi siempre posterior a la anesthesia, encontrándose ya no orointubados...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Appendicitis/surgery , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/statistics & numerical data
6.
Rev. med. interna Guatem ; 19(Supl. 1): 49-51, 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-997369

ABSTRACT

El edema pulmonar por presión negativa representa el 0.1% de las complicaciones pulmonares de los pacientes post ­ quirúrgicos, y la condicionante del incremento de dicha incidencia es la existencia de algún tipo de obstrucción de la vía aérea llegando hasta un 11% de casos. Su incidencia y prevalencia no son claras ya que es una entidad con infradiagnóstico. En los reportes de casos se coincide que la mayoría de pacientes son jóvenes con evaluaciones de riesgo quirúrgico bajos previamente sanos y que desarrollan en forma súbita un cuadro de edema agudo de pulmón, casi siempre posterior a la anesthesia, encontrándose ya no orointubados. La intensa presión negativa intrapleural secundaria al esfuerzo inspiratorio genera en el intersticio pulmonar pericapilar el gradiente transmural suficiente para producir edema. La hipoxemia, hipercapnia, acidosis e hipersecreción adrenérgica se suman al escenario, determinando las características fisiopatológicas, clínicas, radiológicas y evolutivas de esta entidad.3-4. El edema pulmonar resultante puede aparecer en pocos minutos tras la obstrucción de la vía aérea o de forma diferida al cabo de varias horas. Este cuadro clínico es potencialmente grave, pero habitualmente responde bien al tratamiento con oxigenoterapia, en raros casos es necesaria la ventilación mecánica a presión positiva y diuréticos...(AU)


Pulmonary edema by negative pressure represents 0.1% of pulmonary complications in post - surgical patients, and the condition of the increase in this incidence is the existence of some type of airway obstruction reaching up to 11% of cases. Its incidence and prevalence are not clear since it is an entity with underdiagnosis. In the case reports it is agreed that the majority of patients are young with previously low risk surgical evaluations who develop suddenly a picture of acute pulmonary edema, almost always after anesthesia, and are no longer orointubed. The intense negative intrapleural pressure secondary to the inspiratory effort generates in the pericapillary pulmonary interstice the transmural gradient sufficient to produce edema. Hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, acidosis and adrenergic hypersecretion are added to the scenario, determining the physiopathological, clinical, radiological and evolutionary characteristics of this entity.3-4. The resulting pulmonary edema may appear within a few minutes after the obstruction of the airway or deferred after several hours. This clinical picture is potentially serious, but usually responds well to treatment with oxygen therapy, in rare cases it is necessary mechanical ventilation at positive pressure and diuretics ... (AU)  


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Appendicitis/surgery , Pulmonary Edema/history , Pulmonary Edema/epidemiology
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138666

ABSTRACT

Introduction. With chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used to overcome the threshold load provided by intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure and decrease the inspiratory work of breathing. In this pilot study, we observed whether a continuous negative pressure (CNP) around the thorax and upper abdomen with a shell and wrap would provide a similar level of relief in dyspnoea. Methods. In eight patients with COPD in the intensive care unit receiving CPAP, CNP was alternated twice with CPAP (30 minutes each time). We measured heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), pH and dyspnoea score, and asked each patient which system was more comfortable. Results. Comparing CPAP with CNP, we found no significant difference in all measured parameters except PaCO2 which was lower with CNP. Seven out of eight patients found that CNP was more comfortable. Conclusions. The CNP was similar to CPAP except CNP was more comfortable.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Recurrence , Respiratory Care Units , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Thorax , Treatment Outcome , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
8.
SJA-Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010; 4 (2): 86-98
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129143

ABSTRACT

The provision of mechanical ventilation for the support of infants and children with respiratory failure or insufficiency is one of the most common techniques that are performed in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit [PICU]. Despite its widespread application in the PICUs of the 21st century, before the 1930s, respiratory failure was uniformly fatal due to the lack of equipment and techniques for airway management and ventilatory support. The operating rooms of the 1950s and 1960s provided the arena for the development of the manual skills and the refinement of the equipment needed for airway management, which subsequently led to the more widespread use of endotracheal intubation thereby ushering in the era of positive pressure ventilation. Although there seems to be an ever increasing complexity in the techniques of mechanical ventilation, its successful use in the PICU should be guided by the basic principles of gas exchange and the physiology of respiratory function. With an understanding of these key concepts and the use of basic concepts of mechanical ventilation, this technique can be successfully applied in both the PICU and the operating room. This article reviews the basic physiology of gas exchange, principles of pulmonary physiology, and the concepts of mechanical ventilation to provide an overview of the knowledge required for the provision of conventional mechanical ventilation in various clinical arenas


Subject(s)
Respiratory Insufficiency , Hypoxia , Oxygen , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Ventilator Weaning
9.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2007 May; 74(5): 483-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-78867

ABSTRACT

Invasive ventilation is associated with both pulmonary and non-pulmonary complications. There has been a renewed interest in the use of negative pressure ventilation (NPV) for various medical conditions to minimise the complications associated with positive pressure ventilation. The routine use of NPV in an ICU setting still requires further studies and research. In this article, the authors review the clinical applications of NPV together with associated risks and limitations. Case reports of patients with cardiac, neuromuscular and respiratory diseases managed with NPV on our unit are described. NPV improved the clinical condition in each of these patients and decreased the requirement for invasive therapy.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis/therapy , Child , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Ventilator Weaning , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
11.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 3(3): 193-197, set.-dez. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-284082

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito das manobras de pressäo negativa (MPN) e compará-la com a sustentaçäo máxima da inspiraçäo (SMI) em pacientes que apresentam diminuiçäo da capacidade vital (CV). Foram estudados 5 pacientes paraplégicos do sexo masculino, com lesäo nível T2-T6, há no mínimo 1 ano e com ausência de patologias pulmonares. Cada participante foi submetido a MPN e SMI aleatoriamente em diferentes dias. Antes e após a terapia foi realizada a espirometria e a mensuraçäo da frequência respiratória e durante a terapia foi registrada a saturaçäo de oxigênio (SatO2) e frequência cardíaca. Na MPN foram realizadas 3 séries de 15 repetiçöes. Todas as técnicas foram feitas com o indíviduo na posiçäo sentada, com duraçäo média de 15 minutos. Os pacientes submetidos a MPN näo apresentaram diferenças espirométricas significativas, porém os pacientes submetidos a SMI apresentaram aumento do volume de reserva inspiratório (VRI), queda do volume de reserva expiratório (VRE), queda do volume corrente (VC) e queda do fluxo inspiratório (VC/Ti). A SatO2 näo variou durante as terapias. A SMI mostrou-se mais efetiva do que a MPN em pacientes com reduçäo da CV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Spirometry , Vital Capacity , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/adverse effects , Paraplegia , Oximetry , Physical Therapy Specialty
12.
An. méd. Asoc. Méd. Hosp. ABC ; 42(4): 146-52, oct.-dic. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227094

ABSTRACT

El disparo por flujo (Flow-by) como modo de disparo disminuye el trabajo respiratorio impuesto (WOBp) en modalidades de asistencia mecánica ventilatoria espontáneas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del disparo por flujo sobre el WOBp en ventilación en soporte por presión como variante de retiro. Pacientes y métodos: Fueron estudiados sujetos con asistencia mecánica ventilatoria prolongada o de difícil retiro. Se les determinó el WOBp, usado un monitor pulmonar Bicore. Se usó disparo por flujo con flujo base de 12 L/min y se determinó el WOBp a diferentes grados de sensibilidad del disparo por flujo: 6, 3 y 1 L/min; y a dos niveles de ventilación en soporte por presión: alto (nivel al iniciar modalidad espontánea) y bajo (nivel previo a la extubación). Se usaron ventiladores NPB-7200. Para la interpretación estadístico se empleó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y t de Student. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 pacientes (ocho hombres y cuatro mujeres) con edad promedio de 62.9 ñ 14.4 años. En nivel alto de ventilación en soporte por presión (15.3 ñ 3.7 cm H2O), los WOBp con sensibilidad del disparo por flujo de 6.3 y 1 L/min fueron, respectivamente; 0.19 ñ 0.30 J/L, 0.15 ñ 0.28 J/L y o.12 ñ 0.27 J/L. A niveles bajos de ventilación en soporte por presión (5.8 ñ 1.1 cm H2O), los WOBp con sensibilidad del disparo por flujo de 6, 3 y 1 L/min fueron, respectivamente: 1.26 ñ 0.50 J/L, 1.05 ñ 0.42 J/L y =.79 ñ 0.40 J/L. Sólo hubo diferencia estadística en el WOBp con ventilación en soporte por presión de ni vel bajo a sensibilidad del disparo por flujo de 6 (1.26 ñ 0.50 J/L) vs 1 (0.79 ñ 0.40 J/L), p< 0.05. Los tubos endotraqueales fueron de 8.2 ñ 0.3 mm. Conclusiones: El WOBp desciende con menores grados de sensibilidad del disparo, y aparece diferencia estadística a nivel bajo de ventilación en soporte por presión. Sugerimos el uso de la sensibilidad más baja (1L/min) en pacientes de difícil destete


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Work of Breathing/physiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology
13.
J. pneumol ; 21(2): 60-6, mar.-abr. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-175815

ABSTRACT

Os autores compararam, em 22 gatos adultos, os efeitos da ventilaçäo com pressäo negativa (VPN) e da ventilaçäo com pressäo positiva (VPP), sobre a pressäo arterial, temperatura corpórea e conteúdo de água pulmonar. A VPN foi realizada com aparelho Emerson Chest Respirator Pump e a VPP, manualmente, com um AMBU. Os gatos foram estudados em três grupos: a) grupo de dez animais submetidos à quatro horas de VPN, com valores de pressäo pleural progressivamente negativos; b) grupo de sete animais mantidos por 90 minutos em ventilaçäo espontânea e por 30 minutos com VPP, com nível de hiperventilaçäo semelhante à VPN; c) grupo de cinco animais, näo submetidos a nenhuma das duas modalidades de ventilaçäo e sacrificados imediatamente para determinaçäo do conteúdo normal de água pulmonar. Foram alcançados níveis significativamente elevados de ventilaçäo pulmonar (PaCo2;13mmHg) em ambos os grupos. Houve diminuiçäo da pressäo arterial média em ambos os grupos, mas ela foi mais acentuada no grupo VPN (69mmHg - p < 0,05), sendo os valores mais baixos associados aos níveis altos de hiperventilaçäo. A temperatura corpórea diminuiu em ambos os grupos, porém a diminuiçäo foi maior no grupo VPN. O conteúdo de água pulmonar elevou-se discretamente nos dois grupos, sem haver predominância nas regiöes dependentes. Concluímos que: 1) é possível ventilar com VNP animais com alta complascência dos sistema respiratório; 2) pode haver diminuiçäo da pressäo arterial quando elevados níveis de pressäo negativa säo aplicados; 3) a VPN pode determinar diminuiçäo da temperatura corpórea quando houver abertura no sistema que permita a entrada de ar; 4) a VPN näo foi responsável pelo aumento de conteúdo de água pulmonar nos animais estudados


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Arterial Pressure , Cats , Lung Diseases/veterinary , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiration, Artificial , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Body Temperature , Hemodynamics , Pleura/physiopathology , Lung/physiopathology
14.
Rev. méd. cruceña ; (14): 14-9, sept. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-196517

ABSTRACT

Por la importancia en la determinacion de los corto circuitos arteros venosos (Qp/Qs): y para un mejor valoracion de los ninos portadores de Cardiopatias congenitas con Hipertension arterial Pulmonar; presentamos el presente trabajo en el que se analizan en 12 ninos normales, las variaciones de flujo sanguineo que ocurren a niveles proximales o distales de los grandes vass que salen del corazon. Utilizando el Doppler pulsando relaciones los diametros vasculares y demostramos los optimos sitios de interrogatcion Doppler.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Aorta/abnormalities , Aorta/pathology , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/trends , Pediatrics , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology
15.
São Paulo med. j ; 112(2): 551-4, Apr.-Jun. 1994. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-147318

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da ventilaçäo por pressäo negativa intermitente (NPV) na funçäo renal, estudamos vinte indivíduos voluntários normais (idade média de 29 ñ 41 anos). A NPV foi obtida utilizando-se um respirador "Emerson Chest Respirator Pump" o qual foi ajustado para assegurar freqüência de 10 respiraçöes por minuto com relaçäo de tempo inspiratório total de 0,4 e pressäo negativa de 25 cm de água. O protocolo experimental foi desenvolvido em 2 fases com duraçäo de duas horas cada - fase de respiraçäo espontânea e fase de respiraçäo com NPV. No final de cada fase, foi medido o volume urinário e coletado sangue para as determinaçöes bioquímicas. Durante a NPV houve um aumento significante do fluxo urinário (p<0,05) (1,42 ñ 0,81 para 2,76 ñ 1,95 ml/min), da natriurese (258 ñ 201 para 389 ñ 175 mcEq/min), da caliurese (61 ñ 45 para 98 ñ 49mcEq/min), da fraçäo de excreçäo de sódio (1,38 ñ 1,82 para 4,32 ñ 1,24 ml/min) e do pH (7,37 ñ para 7,41 ñ 0,07). Os clearances de creatinina e de água livre näo se alteraram significativamente. Concluímos que a respiraçäo com NPV aumenta o fluxo urinário, a caliurese, porém nossos dados näo nos permite explicar a origem destes achados


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Kidney/physiology , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure , Vasopressins/blood , Natriuresis , Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood , Potassium/urine
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